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Biosensor-based assay of exosome biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 157-175 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0884-z

摘要： Cancer imposes a severe threat to people’s health and lives, thus pressing a huge medical and economic burden on individuals and communities. Therefore, early diagnosis of cancer is indispensable in the timely prevention and effective treatment for patients. Exosome has recently become an attractive cancer biomarker in noninvasive early diagnosis because of the unique physiology and pathology functions, which reflects remarkable information regarding the cancer microenvironment, and plays an important role in the occurrence and evolution of cancer. Meanwhile, biosensors have gained great attention for the detection of exosomes due to their superior properties, such as convenient operation, real-time readout, high sensitivity, and remarkable specificity, suggesting promising biomedical applications in the early diagnosis of cancer. In this review, the latest advances of biosensors regarding the assay of exosomes were summarized, and the superiorities of exosomes as markers for the early diagnosis of cancer were evaluated. Moreover, the recent challenges and further opportunities of developing effective biosensors for the early diagnosis of cancer were discussed.

关键词： biosensor     exosome     cancer diagnosis    

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Early diagnosis and therapeutic choice of

Jing LI, Ying FU, Ji-Yao WANG, Chuan-Tao TU, Xi-Zhong SHEN, Lei LI, Wei JIANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0103-9

摘要： Nowadays, pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is still a common and severe intra-abdominal infection, and had emerged as the most common pathogenic bacteria worldwide in the past ten years. Our study aims to achieve an early pathogenic diagnosis and rational therapy modality for liver abscess (KLA) through clinical data analysis. A total of 197 inpatients in Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, diagnosed as having liver abscess between March 2001 and September 2009 were enrolled. Patients with monomicrobial infection were divided into two groups: patients with liver abscess (KLA group, =106) and those with non- liver abscess (NKLA group, =56). A retrospective analysis was made between these two groups on the aspects of underlying diseases, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, culture results, and imaging findings. To evaluate the effects of different medical interventions, monomicrobial KLA patients were further divided into four subgroups (percutaneous liver aspiration, aspiration plus antibiotics flushing, aspiration plus retained catheter, and aspiration plus antibiotics flushing and retained catheter), and corresponding therapeutic effects were analyzed. KLA was more likely to occur in patients with coexisting diseases such as diabetes mellitus (53.77% 25.00%, =0.001) and hepatic adipose infiltration (16.04% 5.36%, =0.029). Compared to NKLA group, clinical characteristics including abdominal pain (40.57% 57.14%, =0.044), hypodynamia (19.81% 46.43%, =0.001), and hepatomegaly (4.72% 14.29%, =0.033) were much milder, but with a higher fasting blood glucose level (7.84?±?0.36 5.76?±?0.30, =0.001) on admission in KLA group. In addition, KLA abscess often appeared singly in the right lobe of the liver with gas forming nature (32.88% 13.51%, =0.039), unsmooth rim (71.23% 40.54%, =0.002), and dynamic septum enhancement (41.10% 16.22%, =0.009). Compared to mono aspiration subgroup, additional antibiotic flushing could not further improve clinical outcomes of KLA patients ( >0.05); however, the retained catheter showed obvious advantage in reducing abscess diameter (34.38?±?3.25 mm 22.67?±?2.37 mm, =0.017). It can be concluded that the strong association with diabetes, milder clinical symptoms, and gas-forming nature in CT images makes early pathogenic diagnosis of KLA possible. Comparatively, ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver aspiration with retained catheter may be the most rational intervention modality of KLA.

关键词： liver abscess     Klebsiella pneumoniae     computed tomography     therapy    

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Facile discovery of red blood cell deformation and compromised membrane/skeleton assembly in Prader–Willi syndrome

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 946-956 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0962-x

摘要： Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare congenital disease with genetic alterations in chromosome 15. Although genetic disorders and DNA methylation abnormalities involved in PWS have been investigated to a significant degree, other anomalies such as those in erythrocytes may occur and these have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we uncovered slight anemia in children with PWS that was associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) and contrarily reduced hematocrit (HCT) values. Intriguingly, the increased ratio in RDW to HCT allowed sufficient differentiation between the PWS patients from the healthy controls and, importantly, with individuals exhibiting conventional obesity. Further morphologic examinations revealed a significant deformity in erythrocytes and mild hemolysis in PWS patients. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations unveiled compromised membrane skeletal assembly and membrane lipid composition, and revealed a reduced F-actin/G-actin ratio in PWS patients. We ascribed these phenotypic changes in erythrocytes to the observed genetic defects, including DNA methylation abnormalities. Our collective data allowed us to uncover RBC deformation in children with PWS, and this may constitute an auxiliary indicator of PWS in early childhood.

关键词： Prader–Willi syndrome     early diagnosis     erythrocyte deformation     membrane skeleton     membrane lipid    

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A reignited debate over the cell(s) of origin for glioblastoma and its clinical implications

Xiaolin Fan, Yanzhen Xiong, Yuan Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 531-539 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0700-1

摘要： Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary neoplasm in the central nervous system. Despite intensive treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of 14−16 months. 90% of GBMs are primary GBMs that are full-blown at diagnosis without evidences of a pre-existing less-malignant precursor lesion. Therefore, identification of the cell(s) of origin for GBM—the normal cell or cell type that acquires the initial GBM-promoting genetic hit(s)—is the key to the understanding of the disease etiology and the development of novel therapies. Neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are the two major candidates for the cell(s) of origin for GBM. Latest data from human samples have reignited the longstanding debate over which cells are the clinically more relevant origin for GBMs. By critically analyzing evidences for or against the candidacy of each cell type, we highlight the most recent progress and debate in the field, explore the clinical implications, and propose future directions toward early diagnosis and preventive treatment of GBMs.

关键词： glioblastoma     cell(s) of origin     neural stem cells     oligodendrocyte precursor cells     subventricular zone     early diagnosis    

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Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial

Shilin DENG MD ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 323-329 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0061-2

摘要： The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of a well-designed combined aerobic, resistance, and extension exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The population comprised 45 postmenopausal women, who exercised over 12months (exercise group), and 36 women who served as a non-training control group. BMD of the hip, and lumbar spine was measured at the baseline and 12th month. Repeated measurement analysis of variance and nonparametric test were utilized to compare differences between the exercise group and controls. Thirty-six out of 45 persons in the exercise group and 36 controls completed the study. Average compliance was 82.2% for the whole exercise group at the 12th month. All the subjects had decreased BMD, but the rate of bone loss was lower in the exercise group than in the control group at the L4 and hip. Although the exercise program in this study may probably reduce the rate of bone loss in weight-bearing skeletal sites, we do not suggest the exercise by itself be viewed as prevention or treatment for osteoporosis. Further, the exact dose-response relationship of exercise and bone mass in early postmenopause is not clear.

关键词： early postmenopausal women     bone mineral density     exercise     effects    

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RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411

摘要：

The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

 

关键词： China / law / early warning system and national crop pest monitoring / pest management / regulation and sustainable agricultural development    

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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trophoblasts and deciduas in early medical abortion

Geqing XIA, Chaoying WU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 216-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0028-3

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trophoblasts and deciduas in early medical abortion, and study the relationship of medical abortion through mifepristone and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in early pregnancy. Expression of iNOS in trophoblasts and deciduas was detected by both hybridization and immunohistochemical assay in 40 patients (experimental group); the positive expression of iNOS was represented by number density (N/S) and positive unit (Pu) using computer color magic image analysis system (CMIAS). All results were compared with that obtained from vacuum aspiration. In the experimental group, N/S and Pu in trophoblasts were 0.120 ± 0.010 and 15.3 ± 2.6, respectively, while in the control group, they were 0.021 ± 0.003 and 3.1 ± 0.5, respectively, and there were significant differences between the two groups. By immunohistochemical assay, N/S and Pu were 0.090 ± 0.010, 10.24 ± 1.55 0.016 ± 0.002, 1.26 ± 0.33 in the trophoblasts of the two groups; there were also significant differences between the two groups. There were lower iNOS expressions in deciduas by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay, and the difference between the two groups was not significant.It was concluded that mifepristone induced medical abortion through the expression of iNOS in trophoblasts but not in deciduas.

关键词： mifepristone     inducible nitric oxide synthase     early pregnancy     placental immunity    

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Role of chemerin/CMKLR1 in the maintenance of early pregnancy

Xuezhou Yang, Junning Yao, Qipeng Wei, Jinhai Ye, Xiaofang Yin, Xiaozhen Quan, Yanli Lan, Hui Xing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期   页码 525-532 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0577-9

摘要：

Chemerin is a cytokine that attracts much attention in the reproductive process. This study aimed to explore the effects of chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) on the maintenance of early pregnancy. The expression levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the decidua tissues of 20 early normal pregnant women and 20 early spontaneous abortion women were examined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. CMKLR1 receptor antagonist (α-NETA) was then intrauterinely injected into normal pregnant mice model to assess its effect on the outcome of pregnancy and the phosphorylation rate of ERK1/2 in decidua tissues. We found that the expression level of chemerin in women who had experienced early spontaneous abortion was lower than in those who had experienced normal early pregnancy (P<0.01); conversely, CMKLR1 expression was higher in the former than in the latter (P<0.01). In a pregnant-mouse model, the embryo resorption rate of α-NETA group was higher than that in the negative control group (61.5% vs. 10.8%) (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, ERK1/2 phosphorylation in decidua tissues decreased in the α-NETA-treated group (P<0.01). These results suggested that the inhibition of the chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling pathway can lead to the abortion of mouse embryos, and that chemerin/CMKLR1 may play an important role in the maintenance of early pregnancy possibly by regulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

关键词： chemerin     CMKLR1     early abortion    

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Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 357-366 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0423-4

摘要：

Given the weak early degradation characteristic information during early fault evolution in gearbox of wind turbine generator, traditional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising may result in loss of useful information. A weak characteristic information extraction based on µ-SVD and local mean decomposition (LMD) is developed to address this problem. The basic principle of the method is as follows: Determine the denoising order based on cumulative contribution rate, perform signal reconstruction, extract and subject the noisy part of signal to LMD and µ-SVD denoising, and obtain denoised signal through superposition. Experimental results show that this method can significantly weaken signal noise, effectively extract the weak characteristic information of early fault, and facilitate the early fault warning and dynamic predictive maintenance.

关键词： wind turbine generator gearbox     µ-singular value decomposition     local mean decomposition     weak characteristic information extraction     early fault warning    

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Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China

Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 624-633 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0669-1

摘要：

Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man’s sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some non-modifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.

关键词： diabetes     early-onset     diabetes complications    

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Laboratory diagnosis for malaria in the elimination phase in China: efforts and challenges

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 10-16 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0889-7

摘要： Malaria remains a global health challenge, although an increasing number of countries will enter pre-elimination and elimination stages. The prompt and precise diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium parasites is the key aspect of malaria elimination. Since the launch of the China Malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010, China has formulated clear goals for malaria diagnosis and has established a network of malaria diagnostic laboratories within medical and health institutions at all levels. Various external quality assessments were implemented, and a national malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network was established to strengthen the quality assurance in malaria diagnosis. Notably, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, but the risk of re-establishment of malaria transmission cannot be ignored. This review summarizes the lessons about malaria diagnosis in the elimination phase, primarily including the establishments of laboratory networks and quality control in China, to better improve malaria diagnosis and maintain a malaria-free status. A reference is also provided for countries experiencing malaria elimination.

关键词： malaria     laboratory diagnosis     quality control     malaria elimination     China    

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The early signal substances induced by heat stress in brains of mice

WANG Chunxu, WANG Hanxing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 391-395 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0075-1

摘要： To study the effects of early signal substances induced by heat stress in brains of Kunming mice, six-month-old mice ( = 72) were pretreated with heat stress and subsequent ischemia/reperfusion by clipping of their bilateral cervical common arteries for 7 min. According to different treatments, animals were randomly divided into four groups: (1) normal control group; (2) heat stress pretreatment followed by ischemia and reperfusion group (HS/IR); (3) ischemia and reperfusion group (IR); (4) heat stress group (HS). Animals in the later three groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups (1 day, 4 days, 14 days), respectively. The changes in the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis methods. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the expressions of CREB in the hippocampal CA1 region increased significantly in the HS, HS/IR and IR groups ( < 0.05). Compared to the normal group, heat stress could result in CGRP excretion and redistribution in the cerebrum, with the highest level in the 4 d HS/IR group. Following heat stress, CGRP immunoreactivity was observed in varicose fibers and neuronal perikarya within the CA1 region. The results indicate that heat stress can induce CREB expression, which in turn stimulates CGRP secretion.

关键词： calcitonin gene-related     subsequent ischemia/reperfusion     computer     cerebrum     CGRP excretion    

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Effects of DNA damage on oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development

Shen YIN,Junyu MA,Wei SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第3期   页码 185-190 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014035

摘要： DNA damage is one of the most common threats to meiotic cells. It has the potential to induce infertility and genetic abnormalities that may be passed to the embryo. Here, we reviewed exogenous factors which could induce DNA damage. Specially, we addressed the different effects of DNA damage on mouse oocytes and embryonic development. Complex DNA damage, double-strand breaks, represents a more difficult repair process and involves various repair pathways. Understanding the mechanisms involved in DNA damage responses may improve therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer and fertility preservation.

关键词： DNA damage     double-strand breaks (DSBs)     oocyte     embryo    

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Tomographic diagnosis of defects in hydraulic concrete structure

ZHAO Mingjie, XU Xibin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 226-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0027-5

摘要： The ultrasonic tomographic technology is applied to diagnose the defects in hydraulic concrete structure. In order to improve the precision of diagnoses, the wavelet transformation is used in the processing of ultrasonic signals. The influences of water, scale and orientation of defect, processing methods and theoretical model on image resolution are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the result of the tomographic diagnosis of a single defect is sensitive and the boundary can be clearly determined. However, the image resolution of multiple defects is not satisfactory. The water content and scale of a defect may significantly affect the imaging resolution. Defects with the orientation perpendicular to the direction of the diagnosis may have higher precision in diagnosing. The wavelet transformation technology can elevate the imaging resolution. The applied calculation model plays a very important role in improving the accuracy of detection.

关键词： satisfactory     processing     orientation     tomographic diagnosis     orientation perpendicular    

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convolutional tree-inspired network: a decision-tree-structured neural network for hierarchical fault diagnosis

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 814-828 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0650-6

摘要： The fault diagnosis of bearings is crucial in ensuring the reliability of rotating machinery. Deep neural networks have provided unprecedented opportunities to condition monitoring from a new perspective due to the powerful ability in learning fault-related knowledge. However, the inexplicability and low generalization ability of fault diagnosis models still bar them from the application. To address this issue, this paper explores a decision-tree-structured neural network, that is, the deep convolutional tree-inspired network (DCTN), for the hierarchical fault diagnosis of bearings. The proposed model effectively integrates the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and decision tree methods by rebuilding the output decision layer of CNN according to the hierarchical structural characteristics of the decision tree, which is by no means a simple combination of the two models. The proposed DCTN model has unique advantages in 1) the hierarchical structure that can support more accuracy and comprehensive fault diagnosis, 2) the better interpretability of the model output with hierarchical decision making, and 3) more powerful generalization capabilities for the samples across fault severities. The multiclass fault diagnosis case and cross-severity fault diagnosis case are executed on a multicondition aeronautical bearing test rig. Experimental results can fully demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.

关键词： bearing     cross-severity fault diagnosis     hierarchical fault diagnosis     convolutional neural network     decision tree    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Biosensor-based assay of exosome biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer

期刊论文

Early diagnosis and therapeutic choice of

Jing LI, Ying FU, Ji-Yao WANG, Chuan-Tao TU, Xi-Zhong SHEN, Lei LI, Wei JIANG

期刊论文

Facile discovery of red blood cell deformation and compromised membrane/skeleton assembly in Prader–Willi syndrome

期刊论文

A reignited debate over the cell(s) of origin for glioblastoma and its clinical implications

Xiaolin Fan, Yanzhen Xiong, Yuan Wang

期刊论文

Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial

Shilin DENG MD ,

期刊论文

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

期刊论文

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trophoblasts and deciduas in early medical abortion

Geqing XIA, Chaoying WU

期刊论文

Role of chemerin/CMKLR1 in the maintenance of early pregnancy

Xuezhou Yang, Junning Yao, Qipeng Wei, Jinhai Ye, Xiaofang Yin, Xiaozhen Quan, Yanli Lan, Hui Xing

期刊论文

Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

期刊论文

Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China

Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia

期刊论文

Laboratory diagnosis for malaria in the elimination phase in China: efforts and challenges

期刊论文

The early signal substances induced by heat stress in brains of mice

WANG Chunxu, WANG Hanxing

期刊论文

Effects of DNA damage on oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development

Shen YIN,Junyu MA,Wei SHEN

期刊论文

Tomographic diagnosis of defects in hydraulic concrete structure

ZHAO Mingjie, XU Xibin

期刊论文

convolutional tree-inspired network: a decision-tree-structured neural network for hierarchical fault diagnosis

期刊论文